Carl Faith, Professor Emeritus, Mathematics, Rutgers University


ERRATA AND ADDENDA CUMULATIVE UPDATE OF APRIL 2000

CARL FAITH  "Rings and Things and a Fine Array of Twentieth Century Associative Algebra,"
Surveys of the A.M.S., vol 65, Providence, 1999.

Google Book Search

 (Note the publishing year '99, although printed in '98. Also note, I did not write the advertisement blurbs. I wanted to have the work of many other mathematicians cited besides the very few that AMS listed.) 

PLEASE SEND ANY CORRECTIONS / SUGGESTIONS TO: CarlFaith@aol.com   

Note: The date of the change is December '98 except as noted in parentheses (month/year).  Please share this with other colleagues in your department by xeroxing copies for them or have them email us for copies sent electronically. A tentative date for a corrected reprint  is 2002. 

REMARK:
Most of the Errata falls into the "annoying but obvious" category, except for the correction 157 / -23, Theorem 9.6 on p. 164, correction 190 / 20, and the definitions on 223 /-9,-10, 238 (preceding 16.33) and 254/14.
 

Page / Line Date Is / Ought 
vii / 18 (1/00) Replace the epitaph in the second dedication by:
So mayest thou, till suddenly, like a ripe fruit drop in thy mother's lap.  - from Paradise Lost by John Milton
xxiv / 5      /
       / 6   + / =
xxvii /-15 (4/00)      (6.99) / (6.9) 
xxviii / 4  (4/00)  R is locally / R is Goldie and locally 
xxx / 7 (4/00) abetted, / abetted 
xxxvi / 15 (12/99) exists / exist 
xxxvii / 11 (12/99) transcendence / transcendence degree 
xxviii / -2 (2/99) v / xxv 
xv /-23 (1/99) Indent "Modules" 
xvii /-18 (1/99) Polynomals / Polynomial 
1 / 10 (12/99) I. / I. Rank need not be unique. See Cohn [77], pp 103-4. 
1 / 15 (1/99) In this case, / In case [S] = M then,
1 / 17 (12/99) /
1 / 18   [76] / [72a] ( [72a] was actually published in '73) 
2 / 9   Index 2. / index 2. (5) The characteristic char R of a ring R is n if there exists a least integer n > 0 such  that n . 1 (= n sums of 1) = 0. Then na = 0 VaeR. ... If no such n exists, then we say char R = 0. 
4 /-10 (1/99) / every  
6 /-15 (2/99)  that / that
6 / (2/99) Add Footnote 2: The term RD (= relatively divisible) was used by Warfield [69a]. See Fuchs, Salce,    and Zanardo [99] for a historical sketch. Cf. 6.46A.
9 / 20 (2/99)  for a prime p. / for a prime p. Then f has characteristic 0 in the first instance, and p in the second. Also  see Kleiner [99] for a sketch of the development of the axioms of fields, including the contributions of Weber, Dedekind, Hensel, Steinitz, Artin and Schreier, among others. 
9 /-3; 10 / 5 (12/99) algebraicaly / algebraically 
15 / 9 (2/99)  ideal. / ideal. Conversely, every simple right R-module V is cyclic, in fact, V = vR for any nonzero  element v in V. Moreover V is isomophic to R/I, where I is the annihilator of v in R, hence a maximal right ideal. 
16 / 12 (12/99)  [91] / [95] 
17 /-11  (3/99)  sup.2.17s8./ sup. 2.17A and 2.17F (pp. 31 and 33). 
18 / 1  (1/99)  algebra / central algebra 
21 /-12  (12/99) Add: k[[x]] also denotes the power series. 
24 / 4  (3/99) P.M. Cohn / P.M. Cohn [61]
25 / 18,19  (2/99)  of a subfield / of a proper subfield 
27 /-12  (5/99)  '         
31 / 2    of a set / of subsets of a set 
31 / 5    that M / that a module M 
31 / 20 (12/99)  Delete S
31 / 21  (12/99)  Add: Note that S is nonempty. 
32 / 7 (12/99)  irreducible / irreducible qua submodule, 
33 / 17, 18   Delete the entire offending clause beginning with "although" and ending with "cyclic." 
34 / 13,14 (12/99)  Preceding the paragraph heading "Hilbert Basis Theorem," add: 
2.19C COROLLARY. If R is commutative Noetherian but non-Artinian ring, then there exists an ideal I maximal with respect to the property that R/I is non-Artinian. Futhermore, any such ideal I is a prime ideal and R/K is Artinian for any ideal K properly containing I. Proof Exercise. 
35/-11 (10/00) number field L./number field L. See, e.g., Osofsky [99] for an elementary proof.
35 /-1  (12/99)  Add to the footnote: P.M. Cohn points out that the "usual spelling is Shafarevich." 
36 / 2 (12/99)   iteralia / inter alia 
38 / 10 (12/99)  co-irreducible / irreducible (formerly called co-irreducible) 
39 / 1 (12/99)  [Z-W] / [ Z-S] 
43 / 16 (10/99)  P / B 
52 /  (12/99) In 3.2D: Schöpf / Schopf 
 53 / 4  (12/99)  1-1 / injective 
55 / 1 (4/00)  THEOREM / THEOREM [60] 
55 /-11 (10/99) cogenerator / generator 
56 / 10  (3/99)  Theorem 3.8 / Theorem 3.7C 
 56/ 17  (12/99)  R. / R.} 
57 / 5   

 (,) / (,)

60 / -15    -injective / -injective (Cf.3.7A) 
61 / 12  (4/00)  Goursaud and Valette / Goursaud and Valette [75], who prove that any ring R with a faithful sigma-injective right R-module has acc on direct sums of right ideals. See finite Goldie dimension below. 
61 / -2  (2/99)  cf. Chapter 8 / cf. Chapter 8 and 16.9B. 
62 / 1  (2/99) in a variable x / in any finite or infinite number of variables 
62 / 6,7  (4/00)  To "REMARKS" add: (4) For some pathology on the Goldie dimension of a sum of two submodules, see Camillo [78b], Camillo and Zelmanowitz [78], and Valle [94]. 
62 / 12  (2/99)  rings. / rings. Shock 72, Theorem 3.6, extended Small's theorem to infinite polynomial rings. 
62 / 15  (4/00)  Add: For theorem 3.13 for rings with involution, see Domokus [94]. 
64 / 1  (12 /99)  An R-module / An injective R-module 
64 / 15    Cf.4.6D / Cf. 7.32s 
64 /  (2/99)  Following 3.15C, add: Remark. Matlis [58] proved that any injective module E over a Noetherian commutative ring R had this structure and that there is a 1-1 correspondence between prime ideals P and indecomposable injectives E(R/P). Cf. Theorem 3.4 above. Also see Goodearl-Warfield [89], Theorem 4.24, p. 79. 
64 / 17    /
64 /  (2/99)  To Theorem 3.16C add: 4. R has Noetherian quotient ring R REMARK 4. is Beck's Corollary 3.10 We come back to these ideas in 16.33. 
64 /  (3/99)  Preceding Theorem 3.17B, add: REMARK. Note that requiring the acc on annhilators in R/I suffices for (3) of 3.17A. Cf. Mori domains, 9.4s, p. 164. 
65 /  (12/99)  In 2. of 3.19A: equivalent / equivalently
66 / (12/99) In 3.24A, delete "f.g" 
66/1 (6/00) Cozzens [70] / Cozzens [70] and Koifman [70]
66/6 (6/00) Resco [87]. / Resco [87].  See Komarnitskii [97] for solution  to a question stated in the title ibid.
67 / 8   ideal / proper ideal 
67 / 17   free. / free. Cf.3.23C 
68 / 1,3  (1/99)  lift/ring should be lift/rad ring 
68 / 2,3  (1/99)  See Jacobson...SBI-rings / Jacobson's SBI-rings in his book [56,64], p.53, are lift/rad rings. 
68 / 12  (12/99)  modules / module 
70 / -18    3.33F R is / 3.33F. R is 
70 /-2  (12/99)  Sätzes / Sätze 
74/-14  (12/99)  add: Graham Higman [56] proved it in greater generality. However, in his review (MR, 92d: 13023) of   Formanek's Survey [90], E. Zel'manov states (without a reference!) that J.Dubnov and V. Ivanov proved the Nagata-Higman Theorem in 1943. 
75 / 5  (2/99)  See / see / 16 (1/99) nilalgebra / nil algebra 
77 / -6    Similar Notation / Similar. Notation 
81 / 10    of M. / of M onto M. 
84 /  (2/99)  Above Kolchin's Theorem, add: Remark. See Shock [72b] for generalizations to modules M of finite Goldie dimension or acc on "rationally closed" submodules (see 12.OB). In the latter case, every nil subring S of A is nilpotent. This generalizes a theorem of Small for Noetherian M. (See op.cit., p.313.) 
     / -18    If g is / If t is 
88 /  (2/99)  Add: 3.81 Theorem (Ibid.) If R is commutative, then prim rad R is essentially nilpotent 
89 / 8  (12/99)  1 + i / VNR(i) 
89 / 14  (12/99)  is / if 
91 /-13,-12  (2/99)  C.V. Jensen / C.U. Jensen 
94/ -1 )2/01) generalizes/ is 4.5A Thereom (Kaplansky [50]) Let R be a VNR ring, and n and interger >0. Then R ~An for an Abelian VNT ring A iff all (left) primitive factor rings have index n.
95/ 8 (2/01) Kaplansky [50] (all R/M have the same index n and / Kaplansky [50] without assuming self-injectivity when all R/M have the same index, and then
95 / 11  (4/00)  Utumi. / Utumi. Also see Carson [76] proves 4.5 for complete VNR maximal left quotient rings of finite 
index. 
95 /-10  (12/99)  Was Sind und Was Sollen Die Zahlen / Was sind und was sollen die Zahlen 
100 /-11,-12  (3/00)  Add preceding 4.16C: REMARK. Sweedler [75] (for commutative algebras) and Lawrence [76] characterize when a tensor product of algebras is local 
101 / 10    4.26C / 4.2C
        / 18  (3/99)  -ring / -ring
102 / 8  (11/99)  13.7 / 13.7. Also see Rutter [71], where this theorem is extended to the endomorphism ring of "PF-modules." 
104 / 14-15    Following line 14, preceding Remark add: 4.32 Theorem (Kitamura[91]). If A is a separable k-algebra whose center is a free k-module, then A is FPF iff k is FPF. Note. This extends results of S. Page for when C=k, and Herbera - Menal [89] for the group algebra A = kG of a finite group of unit order. 
104 / 16    Page[84e] / Page [84] 
106 / 13  (6/99)  113.7A / 13.7A 
108/-9  (4/00) (See 5.4B)./ (see 5/4B). Furthermore:
      5.4(Theorem (Nagata [62], p. 55, 17.7) Let R be a Noetherian commutative semilocal ring with Jacobson radical m, and let (,...) be an ideal whose radical is m. Then the completion R* of R in the m-adic topology is isomorphic to the power series ring A in n variables over R modulo the ideal ( - , ..., - ) of A.
     5.4 Theorem (Chevalley [43]) Let , ... be the maximal ideals of R in Theorme 5.4 .  Then R* is the finite product of the completions of the local rings of R at ,=1,...,n.
109 /-3  (3/00)  VÁMOS [77,79] / VÁMOS [77b,79] 
110 / 4  (3/00)  [76] / [77b] 
111 / 14, 15  (12/99)  Add: 5.14C Remark. According to Kleiner [99], the concept of a valuation of general fields extending Hensel's p-adic valuations is due to Kürshak in 1913, who proved the existence of their completions, and in 1918 Ostrowski determined all valuations of the field Q of rational numbers. 
111 /-15,-16  (12/99) Maclane / Mac Lane 
111 /-2,-3  (4/00) Also see F.K. Schmidt [33] and Schilling [50], Chap. 7, on multiply complete fields. 
112 / -5    requires a theorem / requires ideas of a theorem / -5 See 7.21ff / See 7.21ff and "Letter from Victor Camillo", p. 254. 
118 / 3    Let R be semiperfect / Let R be a semiperfect ring 
118 /-13  (3/99)  Faith-Page [81] / Faith-Page [84] 
119 / 3    Faith-Page [81] / Faith-Page [84]
       / 7  (2/99)  Remark 4.84f / Example 4.24 
120 / 5  (2/99) VD). / VD). Also see 4.24-5. 
121 /-1  (2/99)  Proposition, p. 84) / Proposition, p. 84. In fact, pure-injectivity can be viewed as injectivity in an appropriate category; see Gruson-Jensen [73].) 
123 / 1  (2/99)  50 / some 40 
       /-10  (2/99) Hendriksen / Henriksen 
124 /  (2/99)  Preceding 6.3F, insert: Remarks. (1) Any ring with stable range is Dedekind finite (if xa = 1 then, taking b = 0 in the definition, we see that a is a unit.) (2) The above definition for stable range 1 is right- left symmetric, as T.Y. Lam points out in his Exercises in Classical Ring Theory (Springer Verlag) pp. 15-16, Ex. 1.25 and comment. (I have Lam [99b] to thank for these remarks.) 
124 / -1   Faith [91b] / Faith [91b]. Cf. Theorem 16.31. 
125 / 1  (1/99)  A ring R / A commutative ring R
126/ -7   (IF4), R is then / any VNR ring R is
127/ (11/00) Insert preceeding REMARK 6.14A Theorem. Let R be strongly regular.
(1) (Hirano, Hung and Kim [95]) If R is &o-injective, then R<x> C =R[[x]]) is a duo ring and Bezont.
(2) (Karamzadeh and Koochakkapoor [99].) The converse of (1) holds.
128/ -5   in A. R / in R. R 
128/19,20 (9/00)  Following "REMARK"  add:6.19A Theorem. (Brandal [73], Olberding [99])   Every homomorphic image of the quotient field Q of a domain R is injective iff R is an AMVR Prüfer domain.
REMARK.  See loc.cit. for other results, and see the Math. Rev. (2000f: 13041) of Olberding's paper by M. Fontana for historical background.
129 /-9,-10  (4/00)  Add: Cf. R.E. Johnson [69] for other examples of Mal'cev domains. 
129 /-8  (6/99)  field / sfield 
130  (12/99)  Above 6.31, insert: Definition. A ring R is a right (semi) fir if every (f.g) right ideal is free of unique rank. 
131 / 18  (12/99)  contructions / constructions 
132 / 9  (12/99)  injective / quasi-injective 
132 / 10  (2/99)  (ibid.) / (ibid.) Also, Kawada [57] showed that a right self-pseudo-injective algebra of finite dimension over an algebraically closed field is QF. 
133/ 6  (3/99)  Q(R[X] / Q(R[X]) 
      / 10  (11/99)  intersection, then / intersection. Then
      / 11    Cf. sup. 7.8 / Cf. 3.58-61 and sup. 7.8 
133    preceding "6.39 Theorem", add this paragraph: 

ASSOCIATED PRIMES OF POLYNOMIAL RINGS

For a commutative ring R, an associated prime ideal is a prime ideal P that is the annihilator of some element of R, and Ass R denotes the set of all such P. (See 16.11). By theorem 2.37E, any maximal annihilator ideal T is an associated prime ideal (also see 16.12), and Ass*R denotes the set of all 
such T.

   (9/99)  Replace "6.39 Theorem and Remark" by: 
6.39 Theorem (Brewer-Heinzer [74]). For any commutative ring R, the extension mapping of Ass R to Ass R[X] sending P to P[X] is a bijection. Thus: card Ass R = card Ass R[X] and card Ass*R = Ass* R[X]. Remark. The proof employs the concepts of Lazard [69], and localization theory. The author [00b] has given a direct proof using results of Shock [72b]. 
133 /-12  (12/99)  McCoy[57] / McCoy [57b] 
135 / 7  (2/99)  [98] / [99] 
       / 9  (2/99)  (DVD). / (DVD). This is a corollary to ibid. Theorem 6 that states that "RD-essential" is transitive over a domain R iff R is a DVD. Cf. 6.46A. 
136  (12/99)  Trilfaj / Trlifaj 
136 /-1  (12/99)  1.24B / 1.24B Cf. also Azumaya [96] who points out that if every projective left module is pure-injective, then R must be left perfect. 
137 / 9    direct summands. / direct summands. Cf.8.6s 
139 / 5   restricted Artinian / restricted Artinian. Cf. 2.19B. 
140 /-1  (2/99)  Add: Cf. 13.45(3) 
140  (4/00)  Following Theorem 7.7 add: 
7.7A THEOREM (Cozzens and Faith [75], p. 138) Any right ideal of a simple right hereditary ring can be generated by 2 elements. 7.7B REMARK. See Ibid, p. 33, Lemma 2.24 for a short proof of the first statement of Theorem 7.7. Also see theorem 7.12 below. 
140 /-3  (12/99)  Sandomerski / Sandomierski 
141 / 5,6 (12/99)  Add: 7.8A THEOREM (Jategaonkar [74b] Over a (twosided) fully bounded Noetherian ring R any f.e. module M is Artinian, and if M is also f.g, then M has finite length. Remark. For a commutative Noetherian ring this is a theorem of Matlis [58]. 
141  (4/00)  Add to Theorem 7.12: Any right Goldie simple ring R of gl.dim not exceeding 2 is right Noetherian (Ibid., Theorem 2.25, Proposition 2.38 and Theorem 2.40.) 
145 / -9    Add: By Theorem 3.33A, M is a min module iff semiArtinian. 
146 / 1,2  (2/99)  Shock's Theorem...latter. / Cf. Vic Camillo's Letters, p. 254. 
148 / -9   Cf. 13.62(2) / Cf. Shock's Theorem 7.28 
150 /-7  (10/99) Delete the previous addendum of (3/99).
       / -6,-7  (10/99)  Insert: Theorem. An injective right R-module E is -injective iff E is countermodule of finite length.

Proof. This follows easily from Prop. 3.8(a), and the Teply-Miller Theorem 3.10. Cf. p. 30 of the author's lectures [82a], esp. Corollary 7.5. 
153/14,15 (11/00) Krull [28] - Schmidt [25,26] / Krull [25,26] - Schmidt [28]
156 /13  (1/99)  A ring R...provided that / A ring R is a lift/rad ring provided that
       / 18  (1/99)  R is SBI / lift/rad ring 
157 / 16 (2/99) Harano / Hirano 
       / -18    indempotents / idempotents 
       / -10    isormophic / isomorphic 
       / -23  (1/99)  Replace Example 4 by : Example 4 (Lam). A Dedekind finite exchange ring R need not be semiperfect, e.g., any infinite product R of copies of any field: R is self-injective hence suitable by 4.2A hence an exchange ring by 8.4C. 
158  (2/99)  To Corollary 8.5B, add: (Cf. 8.1s and 8.3.) 
158 /-12  (4/99)  esp. 16.39 / esp. 16.39-16.43 
159 /-6  (4/00)  ring; / ring A; 
159 /-5  (4/00)  R-module / R-module M 
159 /-1  (4/00)  M and N. / M and N. A necessary condition for the truth of the conjecture is that the center of A (= the biendomorphism ring of M) be linearly compact. 
163 / 5  (2/99)  Faith [86] / Faith [86b] 
       / 8  (2/99)  Faith [86] / Faith [89a] 
163 /-3,-4  (4/00)  Add: REMARK. Kerr [79] gives an example of a commutative Goldie Kerr ring whose 2x2 matrix ring is not Goldie. (In this example R has just two nontrivial annihilator ideals and Goldie dimension two! 
Cf. Theorem 9.4 & Corollary 9.5.) 
163 /-3  (3/00)  Roitman [89,I] / Roitman [90] 
164 / 3,4  (3/00)  Insert: REMARK. Roitman applied the coup de grace to Theorem 9.3 in the following: 9.3' THEOREM. Over a countable field k there is an acc algebra that is not Kerr. 
164 /12  (1/99)  [93,94,96] / [91a, 94,96b] 
164 / 16,17 (4/00)  Add: REMARK. Since Q is Artinian in Theorem 9.4 (and the next corollary), then any n x n matrix ring over R satisfies acc , hence is Goldie. 

164 

(1/99)  There is a gap in the proof of Theorem 9.6: In order to invoke Beck's Theorem, Ass R must be finite. The set Ass*R of maximal associated primes is finite in a ring with acc by Theorems 16.25 or 16.31. Is Ass R finite in this case? Since Ass R is finite in a ring of finite Goldie dimension by Corollary 16.18, then "Theorem 9.6" holds assuming, e.g., that R is Goldie. 
Hence replace 9.6 by: 
9.6 Theorem. If R is a commutative Goldie ring, and if the local ring of R at each associated prime ideal P is Noetherian, then R has a flat embedding in a Noetherian ring, hence R is Kerr, and so is any polynomial ring R[X] over R. 
Proof. See Beck's Theorem 3.16C. Also see Theorem 16.33 and Remark 16.34. 
165 /-16  (2/99) [84b,c] / [84b, 86c]
       /-14  (2/99)  [84c] / [86c], p. 40, theorem 2.1 
      /- 13  (2/00) Roitman [94,II] / Roitman [89,II] /-11 (12/99) element of K / element x of K 
166 / 12  (12/99) integral / integrally 
166 /-15  (7/99)  conversely if K / conversely if A 
167 / 6  (2/99)  9.16B / 9.15B 
168 / 16  (6/00)  domains. / domains.  Also see Osmanagic [99] for a general approximation theorem for "non-Marot Krullrings."
170 /13  (10/99)  /
171/-9,-8  (1/99) Put "generalized discrete valuation domain" into bold face type. 
       / -7  (2/99) M / m 
174 / 9  (2/99)  is isomorphic to S / R is isomorphic to S 
174/-5,-4,-3  (1/99)  (1), (2), (3) / (4), (5), (6) 
175 / 9  (12/99)  finite. / finite (and then A is right SI by 11.1.) 
177 / 15  (12/99)  Higman [56] / D.G. Higman [54] 
178 / 3  (3/99)  domain? / domain when K is ? 
179 / 10,11  (2/99)  these rings...defined / these rings R are essential R-submodules 
180 -21 (2/99)  large / essential 
181 / -15    Right singular / Right nonsingular 
182/-8  (1/99)  z(FG) / Z(FG) 
183/18 (6/00)  6.30). / 6.30).  Also see Kharchenko [00] for a survey.
184/-21  (1/99)  Gabriel / P. Gabriel 
186 / 19   complement of /complement of
186/-10  (1/99) module / modular 
187 / 6  (2/99)   It can be...that / As stated in Theorem 12.4 
189 /-18,-19  (12/99) Zimmerman / Zimmermann 
189 /-9  (12/99)  Chatters and Hajarnavis [77]. / Chatters and Hajarnavis [77], who explicitly characterize indecomposable right CS rings R which are either semiprimary or have semi-primary right quotient rings as certain triangular matrices over subrings of division rings. The case when R is right Artinian is then classified (Theorems 3.1 and 6.10.) 

Furthermore: 12.5A. Theorems (Chatters and Hajarnavis [77], 
(1) A twosided Noetherian CS ring R is a pp ring with twosided maximal quotient ring. 
(2) Any twosided Noetherian CS ring has a CS Artinian quotient ring (Corollary to Theorem 6.5; Cf. Example 6.6, loc.cit.) 
(3) A right Noetherian right nonsingular right CS ring has Artinian quotient ring (Prop. 6.7. loc.cit.) 
(4) An indecomposable twosided Noetherian right nonsingular right CS ring is either prime or Artinian. 
(5) A twosided Noetherian prime ring R is twosided CS iff R is a pp ring. (Theorem 6.8; Cf. Example 6.9, loc.cit.) 
(6) A left Noetherian right PIR is twosided CS. (Corollary to Theorem 6.8, loc.cit.) Remark. The right CS property is not a Morita invariant property: there is a full 2x2 matrix ring over a right Noetherian right hereditary domain D that is not left Ore is not right CS.(Example 6.9, loc.cit.) 

190 / 20  (11/99) Replace 4. by the following: 4. If S is a submodule of a f.g projective right R-module P that is minimal with respect to S + T = P for some submodule T, then S (called a "complement submodule,"ibid.) is a direct summand of P. 
       / 25  (11/99) the next theorem. / proofs of Theorem 12.9 and the next theorem. 
190/-4,-2,-1  (1/99)  AFT / ATF 
191 /-4  (12/99)  overring / any overring 
194 / -13    Corollaries 10.14 and 10.15. / Corollaries 10.14 and 10.15. Also see Theorem 7.45. 
195/ -19 (1/01) 2.24.6B / 25.4.6B
195 /-9  (4/00) finitely embedded / finitely embedded linearly compact 
195 /-2  (2/99) ring / Noetherian ring 
196 /-12  (2/99) Cf. 13.19 / Cf. 13.19 and 13.36 
197 / 2  (2/99)  7.21ff. / 7.27ff. 
197 / 7  (12/99)  Leptin [14] / Leptin [55,57] 
197  (1/99)  To "REMARK" add: 6. Any AB-5* right R-module M over a right l.c. ring R is l.c. 
197  (1/99) To "Note" add: 4. (6), and other AB-5* results, are by the same authors [98]. 
198/10  (1/99)  3.18 / 13.18 
198 /13  (1/99)  [63] / [63b] 
199 / 3  (2/99)  13.22.4 / 13.22.4 and 13.24A 
200/ -19 (1/01) Theorem 3.5C / Theorem 3.5D
200 /-17,-18  (2/00) Add: 13.30 THEOREM (Jain [73]) Any right FGF ring R is right IF. PROOF. This is a corollary of Theorem 6.8. REMARK. Jain proved this in a different way. 
201 / 3  (2/00)  FPF / FGF 201 
        / 6,7  (3/00)  Add: REMARK. Any right coherent right FGF ring R is QF, since every cyclic right R-module R/I embeds in a free module of finite rank, hence is finitely presented, i.e., I is f.g. Thus R is Noetherian so (FGF2) applies. 
201  (2/99) In 13.32-3: Menal [82] / Menal [82b]
201 /-10  (1/00)  Pardo / Pardo and Asensio 
201 /-9  (12/99)  [97A] / [97] 
202 /1  (2/99)  [83] / [82b] 
203 / 11  (4/99)  Theorem 3.31 / Theorem 13.31 
203 /-1  (2/99)  Add: Regarding (3), cf. Theorem 7.7. 
206 /-5  (4/00)  8.12 / Theorem 3.4A 
207 / 5  (11/99)  [69a] / [69b] 
20 /-15  (2/99)  dim (m/) / dim(m/
210 /3,4 (4/00)

Add:
14/16A COHEM'S STRUCTURE THEOREM [46]. Let (R,m) be a complete regular local ring of dimension n. If R has equicharacteristic (i.e., char R = R/m), then R is isomorphic to the power series ting over R/m in n variables. (See Corollary 14.19 below. Also see Theorem 5.4.)
Proof. See, e.g. Zariski-Samuel [60],p. 307

210 / 8 (12/99)  exists / exist 
210 /-18,-19  (2/00)  Add: COHERENT POLYNOMIAL RINGS 
By a result of Soublin [68b] a polynomial ring over a coherent commutative ring R need not be coherent, but it is if R is VNR (Soublin [68a]). Cf. Carson [72]. Also see Theorem 14.21 below. 
210 /-3,-4  (2/00)  Add: REMARK. A locally coherent commutative ring R need not be coherent, but it is if R is semilocal (Harris [67]). Furthermore: (4/00) 14.21A THEOREM (Carson [78]) If R is a VNR ring of bounded index, the R[X] is coherent for any set X of commuting variables. 
212 / 18  (2/99)  See (loc.cit.) / See Gordon-Robson (loc.cit.)
213 / 14 (2/99)  dim R<. / dim R<. Cf 14.25, also 14.31A below. 
215  (2/99)  Following 14.36, add: Remark. The same result holds replacing "Radical" by "prime". See Corollary 2.4 op.cit. 
215 / 19  (12/99)  Pusat-Yilmaz, and Smith [96] / Kaplansky [74] 
215  (2/99) Following 14.38 add: Remark. The necessity of the conditions is, of course, 14.34; and the sufficiency is Exercise 25, p. 65 of Kaplansky [74]. Moreover Theorem 14.38 holds more generally for PI - rings (Pusat-Yilmaz and Smith [96]) 
217 / -10  (2/99)  Countable ordinal / ordinal 
        / -9  (2/99) ring / unique factorization domain. (Loc.cit. Corollary 9.11) 
219  (9/99)  Add: 
FACCHINI'S THEOREMS ON INJECTIVE DIMENSION 
    Facchini [82] studied rings R with the property (P) that finitely embedded right R-modules M have inj.dim. not exceeding 1; equivalently, every factor module of E(M) is injective. (It suffices that this is required of just simple modules M. (Lemma 1.4).) 
    Facchini's main theorem characterizes commutative rings R with the property (P) as locally almost maximal valuation rings whose prime ideals are either minimal or contained in a unique maximal ideal (Theorem 2.31). In case R is semilocal, then R is a direct pro- duct of almost maximal Bezout domains, and conversely, (Corollary 2.4). Moreover, R has the property (P) iff R is reduced and E(R/P) is uniserial for any non-minimal prime ideal P (Theorem 3.1). 
222 / 7  (12/99)  Corollary 5.3 / Proposition 9.5.3 
223 /-9,-10  (2/99) no coefficient...annihilates A. / when A does not have a unit element, assume that not all coefficients of f annihilate A. (See strongly regular, 15.9 and Definition 1' on p. 225.) 
225 / 18  (12/99)  Cohn [8l] / Cohn [91] 226 / 1,4 (4/99) Change the subscript on S^m to 2n. 
226  (4/99)  /
226 / 8  (2/99)  algebra k / algebra C over k 229 To "Remark 16.2", add: Cf.3.7B and C. 
230 / 1  (12/99)  Capson / Copson

/-1

(12/99) x / (x) 
231 / 15  (12/99)  right ideal of R. / right ideal of R (cf.16.9C below). 
232 /-13  (12/99) theorem / lemma 
233 / 12    Add: 
    Ass*() = Ass(M) / Ass*() = Ass*(M), in fact, the set of associated primes of a finite product of modules is the union of their associate primes. (See, e.g., Eisenbud [96], p. 93, Lemma 3.6, for a more general result.) 
233 / 21  (9/99)  Add: Cf. the Brewer-Heinzer Theorem 6.39. 
235 / 9   Indedecomposable / indecomposable 
235    16.17 Theorem is worded awkwardly. 
     Replace by: 
               16.17 Theorem. If M is a module over a commutative ring R, and if E(M) is directly decomposable, then d(M)>! Ass(M)!.
       / 17    Delete the first sentence of the proof, and delete "In the second statement," 
235 / 18   we may / We may above remark. / above definition. 
238  (2/00)  Preceding 16.33: replace the definition by :
    Definition. Let 
                  O -> M -> -> ... -> -> ... 
be a minimal injective resolution of the R-module M, and define the Noetherian depth of M, denoted n.d.M as the maximal i such that is sigma-injective V n< i. If is not sigma-injective, we let n.d.M = -1; and if is sigma-injective for all i, set n.d.M =
238 /-4  (3/99)  Beck [72] / Beck [72A] 
239  (2/99)  Preceding 16.34 insert: 16.33A BECK'S COROLLARY 3.10. A commutative ring R has n.d. >0 iff 
Q(R) is Noetherian. 
  (10/99) to 16.34 add: (4) 16.33(1) is equivalent to Q(R) being Noetherian. Thus by Camillo's theorem 16.50 (coming up), every factor ring of R satisfies 16.33(1) iff R is Noetherian. 
239 / 8   zip. / zip. (3) Cf. 3.16C. 
        / 21    Also dee / Also see 
240 / -17    R/P / R \ P 
241 /-12  (2/99)  1.10 / 16.48
242 / -9    Lam[98a] / Lam [98b] 
       / -4    Delete question (3). 
246 /-20  (12/99)  implications. there / implications; there 
248 / 18  (2/99)  4.1A applies. / 17.4A applies 
254 / 8  (12/99)  Small [86] / Small [85] 
254 /-5  (12/99)  superceded / superseded 
254 /14  (5/00) independent / dependent 
255 / 3  (1/99)  1950 /1951 
       / 12  (2/99)  about this.) / about this. Also see Bashmakova and Smirnova [99] (Amer.Math.Monthly 106 (1999)) 
for an attribution of "literal symbolism" of algebra to Diophantus (middle 3rd Century B.C.) 
255 /-10  (1/00)  name.) / name. I remember that his colleagues calling him "Al.") 
256 / 12  (12/99)  depression), / depression, 
/-1  (12/99)  Blassenohl / Blessenohl 
257 / 2  (12/99)  edged). / edged. However their methods were completely different and they were able to extend my results in the certain cases of characteristic p.) 
259 / 23  (12/99)  undergrads. / undergrads. (Not that others were not supportive. Certainly Orrin Frink, the Chair at Penn State during my two years there, maintained and supported the highest academic standards.) 
259/ 27 (2/01) chairman / chairman, Raph Hull (another of Dickson's students!),
260 / 13  (2/99)  Gilman / Gillman 
        /-17  (2/99)  10/5 
       /-16  (2/99)  mathematics. / mathematics. (In the Amer. Math. Monthly, 106 (1999) p. 97, it is stated by Kenneth A. Ross in the "Distinguished Service Award for Leonard Gillman" that "Len held a piano fellowship for five years at the Juillard Graduate School before turning to mathematics.") 
262 /-5  (1/99)  82 / 87 ("Orrin, or Frinky as I called him, was born in 1901, and died in 1988" (letter from Aline Frink of December 20, 1998).) 
262 /-18  (12/99)  Gaiété Parisiennes / Gaieté Parisienne 
263 / 9  (12/99)  Romantische / Romantisches
        / 16  (12/99)  rote / roten 
264 / 17  (12/99)  Ruhren / Beruhigen
264 /17  (1/99)  Sovort / sofort 
265 / 17  (12/99)  Mög Es / Mögen's
265 /   (1/99) insert the following additional paragraphs before "Marston Morse":

Willy, The Heidelberg VW Salesman 

Nevertheless, by looking for and too often finding flaws in the national character of Germans, I often wonder if we have not squandered a reservoir of goodwill that many Germans felt for us and the Allies for relieving them of the evident repressive evils of Nazism. Along with the bad, many of the good suffered or perished under Hitler's repugnant regime. I became good friends with the VW salesman whom I shall call Willy, who in September '59 sold me a 1953 VW "Bug" for the then magnificent sum 
of $600, or about 2400 Deutsche Marks. (The Dollar was King back then!) He told of his being "captured", i.e., surrendering to the Allies along the Rhine, and being roughly interrogated by an American who happened to be Jewish. Although Willy was fully cooperative and eager to please, the interrogator, after finding a photograph of his wife and family in Willy's wallet, tore it up in front of him. When I expressed my deepest sympathy at this bit of cruelty, he replied, "Ja, Herr Professor, but you must remember we Germans tore not merely photographs but their people to pieces!" This admission of collective guilt and the frightful imagery moved me to tears. I invited him to my home in Neuenheim, and subsequently we exchanged family visits throughout the academic year 1959-60. 

 Italiensche Reise

In Spring recess, March l959, my first wife, Mickey, and my daughters, Heidi and Cindy, two German babysitters, and I (together with our luggage under the front hood), crammed into our tiny "beetle"for a three week exploration of the South from Heidelberg to Freiberg, Basel, Zurich, the Jungfrau, Lausanne, Geneva, the French Alps, Lyon, Marseilles, Nice, Cannes, Rapallo, Pisa, Siena, Gaeta, Rome, Pompeii, Herculaneum, Ravenna, Venice, the Dolomites, Brenner Pass, Innsbruch, the Arlberg, Konstanz, Schaffhausen and back via Mannheim to Heidelberg. (Not bad for a $600 car?) One of our babysitters, tall and blond, attracted a great deal of admiration in macho Italy. Once we had to return a radio given to her as a present, when the ardent lover had his ardor doused by our curfew. Another time, when we returned from viewing the Coliseum, we saw them surrounded, again by machismo, while the children teetered on the curbside unattended with speeding cars whizzing by. ("What does not destroy you makes you stronger." -- Nietzche) 

265/-3  (1/99)  society / Society 
265 /-1     
266 / 17  (12/99) apochryphal / apocryphal 
268 / 3  (12/99)  comprised of / comprising 
269 /-10  (12/99)  Gärding/ Gĺrding 
270 / 2  (12/99)  in Amsterdam / at Harvard 
        / 4  (12/99)  of / off 
274 / 12  (12/99)  Adolph / Adolf 274n 
        /-4  (1/99)  later / later" 
274 /-4  (1/99)  forgot] / forgot
       /-4  (1/99)  nazi." / Nazi.] 
275 /-10  (12/99)  Schoenfliess / Schoenflies 
277 /-9, -14  (12/99)  Rudy / Rudi 
278 / 5  (12/99)  en / ein 
278/11  (1/99)  (x) / powers of x 
278 /-17 (12/99)  Rockerfeller / Rockefeller 
278 /-2  (12/99) genuises / geniuses 
279 /-2  (12/99)  apochryphal / apocryphal 
279 /-21  (12/99)  "Hörgelt" is Yiddish. The German word is Hörgeld 
280  (5/00) Wooster / Worcester
281 /-6  (3/99)  3.33 / 13.33 
281 /-1  (7/99)  To Footnote 19, add: According to Paul Halmos (in Amer. Math. Monthly, 1973, & reprinted in the World Treasury of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, Timothy Ferris (ed.), Little Brown (Back Bay), Boston, 1991), Maniac is an acronym for Mathematical Analyzer, Numerical Integrator, Automatic Calculator! However, the first general purpose electronic computer was the Eniac, theoretically, based on Alan Turing's "machine", or mathematical description of a machine, that in principle could solve general mathematical equations. The Eniac (=electronic numerical integrator and computer) was devised by P. Eckert and J.W. Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania in WWII and became operational in 1946, that is, after the war. Herman Goldstine (N.B.) is the sole surviving member of the Eniac team. 
283 / 12  (1 /00)  abroad / abroad. In "Duino Elegies," Rilke has this to say about leave taking:
 "Who turned us around like this so that we always,/do what we may, retain the attitude of someone who's departing? Just as he / on the last hill that shows him all his valley / for the last time, will turn and stop and linger, / we live our lives for ever taking leave. "
283 /-7 (2/99)   E. Kolchin / Ritt 
283 .-12  (12/99)  whiskey / whisky ("whiskey" is the American and the Irish sort) 
285 /-5  (12/99) Herman / Hermann 
287 / 5  (12/99)  which / which every 
       / 11  (12/99)  at (x) / at powers of x 
287 /-20  (12/99)  17.40 ff / 7.40 ff 
287 /-17  (2/99)  John's / Johns' 
288 /-11  (12/99)  Hembda / Hemda 
289 / 1  (12/99) uncrossed / "uncrossed" (or noncrossed) 
289 / 2  (12/99) ~2 / 2.4D 
289 / 3 (12/99)  Shimson / Shimshon 
291 / -4 (2/99) A. Pedoe / D. Pedoe 
291 /-2  (12/99)  New England / England 
292 /-17  (12/99)  Chandigahr / Chandigarh 
294 / 20  (2/99) Mahabili Purim / Mahabalipuram (Seven Pagodas; also called Mamallipuram, or city of Malla) 
295 / 2  (2/99) Seven Wonders / Wonders 
295 / 21  (12/99)  Shackelton / Shackleton 
 295 / 25  (12/99)  Penquin / Penguin 
295  (2/99) Add to Footnote 25: The Seven Wonders of the World were talked for centuries B.C. (See, e.g., Leonard Cottrell, "Wonders of the World", 1959.) On the other hand, the Taj Mahal was completed in 1648. (See Columbia Encyclopedia, which asserts that the jewels on the exterior were "semiprecious stones".) 
296 / 14  (4/99)  Fisher / Fischer 
297 / 12,15  (3/99)  Nietsche/ Nietzsche 
298 / 21 (12/99) forebearer / forebear 
299 / 6  (12/99)  Rheinhold / Reinhold 
299 / -12  (3/99)  A.M.S. by Jane Scanlon / A.M.S. (Vol.11) by Jane Scanlon (Cronin) 
301/16  (1/99)  225 / 250 
301/-3  (1/99)  Gröthendieck / Grothendieck 
302/  (1/99)  Preceding "The Gorenstein Report and "Dream Time", insert: 

Richard Brauer and the Postcard from Balestrand 

While at the University of Kentucky, I learned that Richard Brauer, one of the many mathematicians displaced by WWII in the "Intellectual Migration", had been a visiting professor there several years earlier. But it was not until I attended an AMS meeting at Harvard in 1960 that I met him personally: I dropped by his office for a chat. ( I think he was the chairman, at least his office had 'chairman' size!) After some time, I became aware of my imposition when he apologized to me for taking up so much of my time. (Was my face red!) I heard him lecture at the Institute for Defense Analyses in Princeton in the summer of 1964, on the subject of Simple Groups. Brauer was the humblest mathematician I ever met. He thanked you after his IDA lecture as if you were doing him a favor to attend his stimulating lecture! After the ICM in Stockholm in 1962, we visited Norway: Oslo, Bergen, Flam, and Balestrand on the Sogne Fjord. As I walked onto the ferry leaving Balestrand after viewing the glacier there, I bumped into Brauer and his wife. When I got back to the Institute for Advanced Study, I found a postcard from Brauer posted in Balestrand! (I mentioned this bit of inspiration in my Springer Algebra.) 

303 /  (2/99) Insert directly preceding "Ken Goodearl et al": 
     Danny's incredulity was later echoed by a real estate broker I knew who belatedly found out that I owned a house on the lake: "You have a house, on the lake? (Previously had she thought I was a mathematical poor mouse? As a matter of fact, we do have the cheapest house on the lake!) 
305 / 19  (12/99)  Terra / Terre 
       / 23 (12/99)  Johannesberg / Johannesburg
306 / 3  (12/99)  Fall 1989. / Fall 1989. (Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) is the official name.) 
309 / -11  (2/99)  Pere Menal, / Pere Menal (and many, many others!) 
312 /-10,-11  (4/99)  Preceding "Kap", add: John Cozzens almost immediately applied Kap's advice: He came to me one day and said, "Carl, I could get the counterexample to Bass' question [see p. 287] if only I could find a differential field over which I could solve these blankety- blank equations." I knew then that John had his Ph.D. because I had read Kap's monograph [57] in which I learned of Kolchin's universal differential fields. 
312 /-7  (2/99)  philosophy / engineering
        /-3  (1/99)  assuming / following as director
        /-2  (1/99)  of the / of S.S. Chern 
       /-2,-1  (12/99)  relinquished to David / relinquished to William Thurston followed by David 
313 / 1  (2/99)  Add: A stimulating introduction to Kap's mathematical life and thought appears in More Mathematical People, (See Bibliography, Albers et al., eds.) 
317 /-23  (12/99)  Nauseé / La Nausée ; L'Etre et le Neant / L'Ętre et le Néant 
317 /-4 (12/99)  Mediterannean / Mediterranean
320 /-3  (4/99)  Rights / Rights. (See "Berkeley in the Sixties", 1990, documentary by film maker Mark Kitchell.) 
321 /6  (5/00) Republican / Democratic
321 / 19  (2/99)  in 1980 / in 1966 
321  (2/99)  After the Steve Smale paragraph, add: 
Steve Smale appears in More Mathematical People (See Bibliography, Albers et al., eds.), and Steve Batterson [00] has written a full scale biography of him. 
322 / -10, -11  (2/99)  Insert: 
"Beauty is the first test: there is no place in the world for ugly mathematics" -G.H. Hardy in "Mathematician's Apology (1940)
 "The union of the mathematician with the poet, fervor with measure, passion with correctness, this surely is ideal." -William James, 1879, quoted in Bartlett's 
322 / -4,-5  (2/99)  Insert: This echoes Einstein: "Science will stagnate if it is made to serve practical goals." (Quoted in Calaprice's "The Quotable Einstein, p. 181.) 
323 / -22,-12  (2/99)  Kluvver / Kluwer Bertram / Bertrand 
324 /-1  (11/99)  This echoed Paul Valéry's dictum with "Work of art' replaced by "poem." See p. 106 in "Quotationary," L.R. Frank ed., Random House, New York, 1998. Unfortunately I cannot justify my attributing this to Picasso; however many artists must have said the same thing. 
324  (6/00)  Add: 
"Sex if the sublimation of the desire to do mathematics."  Berkeley Grafitto (1965-6)  

"It's better to have both a spouse and a lover because one will think you are with the other when you are having mathematics."  Mathematics Alibi, contributed by a colleague who has neither.

S - 1 / 11  (3/99)  299, 315 / 275 
S - 1 / 16  (2/99) 

295 /  296; Also under Cherlin, Donnelly, Menal, Miller, O'Neill: xxix / xxx

S - 1 /-6  (12/99) 

Blassenohl / Blessenohl 

S - 1 /-3  (12/99) 

Bollabas / Bollobás 

S - 2  (1/99)  under "Faith", add Heidi 268 
   (2/99)

 under "Dukas", add 314n 

  (12/99)

Erdös / Erds

S - 3 / 13 (2/99)  To "Hitler", add 304 and change Adolph to Adolf 
  (2/99)  Gröthendieck / Grothendieck 
  (2/99) 

Add: Grove, Vernon 262 

S-3 / 2 (12/99)   Change the diacritical mark to a single dot Gärding/Gĺrding
S-3 / -12   

Jaccobson / Jacobsson

S-3 /-9  (12/99) 

Florrie / Florie 

S-3 /-5  (12/99)  Under "Hardy": 265 / 266 
       /-3,-4    Add: Hass, see Whitney 
S-4 (2/99)  To "Maniac", replace 280 by 281 and add 316 
  (12/99)

 Kennen / Kennan 

S - 4 /  (2/99) 

Add: Kingsley, Ben 296n 

  (2/99)

 Under "Kelley": 261 / 262 

  (5/99)  Add: Lawrence, John 292

S - 4 / -12

(2/99) Karl / Carl 
  (12/99) 

MacLane / Mac Lane 

          / -3  (2/99) To "Morse", add 310 
S-5  (12/99) 

Under "Rentschler" : Rudolph / Rudolf 

S-5  (2/99)  To "Ritt", add 283 
       / -13  

Page, S. 287 / Page, S. 288 

      / -13 (2/99)  Bertram / Bertrand

 S - 6

(3/99)  To "Selberg, Atle", add 290 
  (12/99)  Shackelton / Shackleton 
  (9/99) 

Add: Shanks,  Nelson 260 

S-6  (2/99) Add Silverman, Ed 262
      / -15, -16   

Insert: Stevenson, Robert  Louis 295 

S-6  (2/99)  To "Sullivan," add: 263, 278 
S-6  (1/99) To "Utumi", add 312; Add: Visonhaler, Charles 305 
S-7 / 15    Wood, Japheth 291 / Wood, Japheth 291, 322 
       / 3 (1/99) To "Whitney" add: 270 
  (12/99) 

Under "Witt": Ernest / Ernst 

S-7 /-12 (1/99) Yang, Ning Chang / Yang, Chen Ning 
325  (2/99)  Add: [90] D. Albers, G.L.Alexanderson and C. Reid, More Mathematical People, Harcourt, Brace, and Janovitch, Boston, San Diego, and New York, 1990 
  (2/99)  Add: [90] G.L. Alexanderson, see Albers 
326 / 7  (12/99)  Kertesz [71] / Kertesz [72] 
326  (1/99)  Add: [98] P.N. Ánh, D. Herbera, and C. Menini, AB-5* for module and ring extensions, pp. 59-68 in [98] Dikranjan and Salce. 

326/ -8 

 

[95] / [97a] 

326 / -6  (2/99)

 [93] / [97b] 

 

(2/99) 

(1988??) / 197(1997) 409-423
       / -3    [97] / [98]

       / -2 

 

Math. (1998) / Math. 105(1998) 105-137 

327 / 21  (12/99)

 Hambrug / Hamburg 

327 / 22    [50] / [51] 
327 /-12  (12/99) 

Ashsbacher's review of Gorenstein, et.al. appeared in the Notices of the A.M.S., Providence, 1997 

328 / 2,3  (12/99)  Add: [96] G. Azumaya, A characterization of coherent rings in terms of finite matrix functors, pp. 1-3 in the Second Japan-Asia Symp. on Ring Theory and the Twentieth Symp. on Ring Theory at Okayama U, 1995, Okayama, U. Press, 1996 
328 /  (12/99) Add: [36] R. Baer, The subgroup of elements of finite order of an abelian group, Ann. Math. 37 (1936), 766-85 

328 / 

(12/99)  Under "Ballet": lineares' / linéares 
328 /  (2/99) Add: [99] I.G. Bashmakova and G.S. Smirnova, The Birth of Literal Algebra, Amer. Math. Monthly 106 (1999) 57-66; transl. from the Russian by A. Shenitzer. (Translator's note: this is the third chapter by the authors devoted to the evolution of algebra. See loc.cit., p.57)
328 /-4    [60] ______, / [60] H. Bass, 
329  (2/00) Add: [00] S. Batterson, Stephen Smale, the Mathematician Who Broke the Dimension Barrier, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, 2000.
329 / 19  (12/99)  [69] / [71] ...1977 / 1991 
330  (9/99)  Add: [74] J.W. Brewer and W. Heinzer, Associated primes of prin-cipal ideals, Duke Nath. J. 41 (1974) 1-7 
331 / 12  (2/99)  Delete "[80]______, see Atkins."
332  (4/99)  Add: P-J Cahen, M. Fontana, E. Houston, and S-E Kabbaj, (eds.), Commutative Ring Theory, Proc. of the II Intern. Conf. (Fes, l995), Lect. Notes in Pure & Appl. Math., vol 185, M. Dekker Inc., Basel and New York, 1997. 332 
  (1/99)  Add: [96] A. Calaprice, The Quotable Einstein. Princeton U. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1996 
332 / 11  (2/99) 

polynomail / polynomial

        / 24  (2/99) 

nnote / note 

332  (4/00)  Add: [78b] V.P. Camillo, On a conjecture of Herstein, J. Algebra 50 (1978) 274-5. [78] V.P. Camillo and J. Zelmanowitz, On the dimension of a sum of modules, Comm. Algebra 6 (1978) 345-52 
332  (2/00)  Add: [72] A.B. Carson, Coherence of polynomial rings over semi- simple algebraic algebras, Proc. A.M.S., 34(1972) 20-24. 
  (4/00)  [76] A. B. Carson. Representations of regular rings finite index, J. Algebra 39 (1976) 512-26. [78] A.B. Carson, Coherent polynomial rings over regular rings of finite index, Pac. J. Math. 74 (1978) 327-32. 
333 / 6  (3/00)  [95] ____, / [94] ____, 
333 / 11,12 (2/00) 

[95] / [98] ... Math. Soc. (1995) / Math. Soc. 126 (1998) 2541 - 48

333  (3/99) 

Add: [84] S.U. Chase, Two remarks on central simple algebras, Comm. Algebra 212(1984) 2279-89 

333  (4/00)  Add: A.W. Chatters, A nonsingular Noetherian ring need not have a classical quotient ring, J. London Math. Soc. 10 (1975) 66-68. 
333  (1/99) [80] A.W. Chatters / [80] A.W.Chatters and C.R. Hajarnavis 
333 / 14 (2/99)  Ammsterdam / Amsterdam 
334 /  (1/00) Add: [00] S. Batterson, Stephen Smale: The Mathematician Who Broke the Dimension Barrier, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, 2000 
335/-12 (3/99)  mene / meme 
336 /1  (1/99) 

nd / und 

       / 19   

Beneath [93] W. Dicks insert: [94] _____, see Menal. 

       / -11  (4/00) Topology, Lecture / Topology, Padova Conf. 1997 in honor of Adalberto Orsatti's Sixtieth Birthday Lecture, Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Math, Vol. 201, Marcel Dekker
       / -10    applied Math., Marcel / Applied Math., vol.201, Marcel 
       /-1  (4/00) 

M. Domokos, Goldie's Theorems for involution rings, Comm. Algebra 22 (1994) 371-80 

337/  (1/99)  Add: [79] H. Dukas and B. Hoffman, Albert Einstein: The Human Side, Princeton U. Press, 1979 
338  (3/99)  Add: [98] A. Facchini, Module Theory, Progress in Math., vol. 167, Birkhauser, Basel, Boston and Berlin, 1998 
341 / 1  (2/99) 

37-43. / 37-43. (See Example 9.17 in the text.)

       / 18 (11/99)  Delete "II"
      /-10  (3/00) 

ascending chain conditions / acc

      / -9    Math., / Math., vol.201, 
341 /-7  (2/99) 

[98B] / [99]

      /-6 (2/99) Algebra (1998) / Algebra 27 (1999) 1807-10 
341  (2/00)  Add: [00a] C. Faith, Note on residually finite rings, Comm. Alg. 28 (2000) 4223-26.
[00b] ______, Associated primes in commutative polynomial rings, Comm. Alg. 28 (2000) 3983-86.
[00c] _____, Coherence and annihilators in matrix and polynomial rings, preprint (2000) 
342 / 1   

[1960] / [1965] 

343 /  7  (11/99)  [74] / [75] 
343  (4/99)  Add: [97] M. Fontana, see Cahen [97] 
  (2/99)  Add:  [90] E. Formanek, The Nagata-Higman Theorem, J. Appl. Math. 21 (1990) 185-192. Italicize the entire title of [14] Fraenkel. 
343/-14  (1/99) 

Math. / Math. Society 

  (2/99) Add: L. Fuchs and S. Shelah, On Kaplansky's problem on valuation rings, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 105 (1989) 25-30 
344 /-15,-13  (2/99)  L. Gilman / L. Gillman / 1,2 (2 /99) preprint, 1998 / Colloq. Math. 1998 or 9. 
344    Add: [87] R. Gentle, Comment on the Nullstellensatz for regular rings, Canad. Bull. Math. 30 (1987), 
124-128. 
  (2/99)  Add: [65] J.W.L. Glaiser (ed.), see H.J.S.Smith 
345 /-3  (4/00) 

selfinjective / self-injective 

346 / 16  (4/00) Non-commutative Rings / Non-Commutative Noetherian Rings
346/-7 (1/99) 

envveloppe / enveloppe

347 /  (2/99) 

Gröthendieck / Grothendieck 

347/  (1/99)  L.Gruson / L. Gruson and M. Raynaud 
347 / (2/99) Add: [73] M. Gruson and C.U. Jensen, Modules Algébriquement compacts et foncteurs limî, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris Se\'r. A-B 276 (1973) 127-131 
348  (2/00)  Add: [67] M. Harris, Some results on coherent rings, Glasgow Math J.8 (1967) 123-6 
348  (4/99)  to Heinzer, add: see Brewer [74] 
      /18  (6/00) [74] / [75] 
      /21 (6/00) [96] / [69,00] 
      /-8 (6/00) Tokyo, 1996 / Tokyo / 1996, 2000
349 /-9  

Add: [96] D. Herbera and A. Shamsuddin, On self-injective perfect rings, Canad. Math. Bull. Vol.39 (1996), 55-58 

349 (6/00)

Add: [96] M. Hazewinkel (ed.), Handbook of Algebra, North / [96,00] M. Hazewinkel (ed.), Handbook of Algebra, vols. 1 and 2, North

350  (5/99)  [98] Y. Hirano, On rings over which every module has a maximal sub-module, Comm. Algebra 26 (1998) 3335-45 
 

(5/99) 

[91] Y. Hirano and J.K. Park, Rings for which the converse of Schur's Lemma holds, Math. J. Okayama.U. 33(1991) 121-131
[95]  Y.Hirano, C.Y. Hung, and J.Y. Kim, On strongly bounded and duo rings, Comm. Algebra 23 (1995) 2199-2214.

350 / 10

(12/99)  [56] ------, / [56] Graham Higman, 
350 (4/99) 

Add: [97] E. Houston, see Cahen et.al., (eds.) 

354  (4/00)  Add: [69] R.E. Johnson, Extended Mal'cev domains, Proc. A.M.S. 21 (1969) 211-213. 
355  (4/99)  Add: S-E. Kabbaj, see Cahen, et.al. (eds.) 
356 / 1  

 in Collected / in Selected 

356 (1/01) Add: F. Kasch, Moduln und Ringe, B.G. Tueber, 1977
  (12/00) Add: Karamzadeh, On a question of Matlis, Comm. Alg. 25 (1997) 2717-2726.
356/  (6/99) Add: O.A.S. Karamzadeh, and A.A.  Koochakpoor, On Aleph-null self- injectivity of strongly regular rings, Comm.  Algebra 27(1999) 1501- 1513 
  (2/99) 

Add: Y.Kawada, On similarities and isomorphisms  of ideals in a ring, J. Math. Soc. Japan 9 (1957) 37-4-80 

  (12/99)  Add: I. Kleiner,  "Field Theory": from equations to axioms, Part II, Ibid. 106 (1999) 859-63. 
  (6/00)  Add:  [00]  N.Ya. Komarnitskii, The Cozzens-Faith problem on  "Countable" ultrapowers of the Koifman-Cozzens domain, Math.Stud. 7 (1997), 3-26, 11 
      /-5 (6/00)  [96]. K. Kharchenko / [96] V.K. Kharchenko
       (6/00)  Add:  [00] V.K. Kharchenko, Fixed rings and non-commutative invariant theory, in Hazewinkel, [00], pp. 359-98.
357    Add: [91] Y. Kitamura, Inheritance of FPF rings, Comm. Algebra 19(1991),157-165. 
  (12/00) Add: [95] J.Y. Kim, see Hirano
358/-1 (1/99) L'Enseg. / L'Enseig. 
358 (2/99) Add: [99a] T.Y. Lam, Bass's work  in Ring Theory and Projective Modules, pp. 83-124 in Lam and Magid [99] .
    [99b]  _______, Letter to the author of January 20, 1999. 
  (2/99) 

Add: [99] T.Y.Lam and  A.R Magid (eds.), Algebra, K-Theory, Groups and Education, On the Occasion of  Hyman Bass's 65th Birthday, Contemporary Math., Amer. Math. Soc., Providence,  1999. 

359  (3/00)  Add: [76] J. Lawrence, When is the tensor product of local algebras  local? II, Proc. A.M.S. 58 (1976) 22-24 
360  (4/99) 

Add: [99] C. Lomp, On semilocal  modules and rings, Comm. Algebra 27 (1991) 1921-35  

361  (12/99) Maclane / Mac Lane 
361 / (3/99)

Add: [99] A. Magid, see Lam 

  (2/99) 

Add: [60] J.M. Maranda, On pure  subgroups of abelian groups, Arch. Math. 11(1960) 1-13 

361-73 /-12 (1/99) 

[75] / [75b]

362 / -5  (2/99)

 [86] /  [88]

362 /-6 (2/99) [82] / [82b] 
363   

After P. Menal & J. Moncasi, 

363   

Add: [82]  P. Menal and J. Moncasi, On regular rings of stable range 2, J. Pure and Appl.  Algebra 24(1982), 25-40 

364 / 1   

move the reference "[90] S.H. Mohamed and B. J.  Mueller" to p. 363 to directly precede the reference "[89] A. Mohammed and F.L.  Sandomierski" 

365/-12,-13  (1/99) 

Add: [75a] W.K. Nicholson, I-rings, Trans. A.M.S.  207 (1975) 

366   Add:  [99] B. Olberding, Almost maximal Prüfer domains, Comm. Algebra 27 (1999) 4433-58.
365   

Add: W.K. Nicholson and M.F. Yousif,  Mininjective rings, J. Algebra 187 (1997) 548-78. 

368 (10/00) Add: [99] B.L. Osofsky, Nice polynomials for introductory Galois Theory, Math Magazine, 72 (1999) 218-222.
368  (6/00)

Add:  [99] E. Osmanagic, An approximation theorem for Krull rings with  zero divisors, Comm. Algebra 27 (1999) 3647-57

370 / 1   

Move the reference to  precede: "[23] H. Prüfer" 

370/  (6/99) 

Add: R.Raphael, Injective rings, Comm.  Algebra 1 (1974), 403-14

370/-12  (1/99) 

Make Gruson the first author, and move  the reference to p. 347.

      /-12  (1/99) 

Add: M. Raynaud, see Gruson

       /-6,-7 (2/99) 

Add: [90] C. Reid, see Albers 372

  (3/00) 

Add: [90] M. Roitman, On polynomial extensions  over countable fields, J. Pure and Appl. Algebra 64 (1990) 315-28 

371 (6/00) 

Add.  [99] P. Ribenboim, The Theory of Classical Valuations, Springer Monographs in Math, Springer Verlag, NY, 1999 

372  (11/99) 

Add: [71] E.A. Rutter, PF-Modules, Tohoku Math.J. 23(1971) 201-206 

372 /-12  (3/00) 

Comm. Alg. 3 / Pacific J. Math.51 

373 /-3  (3/99) 

Delete: [67] ___, see Cohn 

373  /-14  (2/99) 

See Brewer / See Eakin 

373 (4/00) Add: [33] F.K. Schmidt, Mehrfachperfekte Körper, Math. Ann. 108 (1933) 189-202 
374 / 22   [95]____, see Herbera / [95,96]______,  see Herbera
 374  (2/99) 

Add: [99] A. Shenitzer, see Bashmakova and Smirnova 

374  (2/99)  Add: [71c] R.C. Shock, Injectivity, annihilators, and orders, J. Algebra  19 (1971) 96-103 
374  (2/99) 

Add: [72b] R.C. Shock, The ring of endomorphisms of  a finite dimensional module, Israel J. Math 11 (1972) 309-14 

374  (2/99) 

Add: [74]  T.S. Shores, Loewy series of modules, J. angew. Math 265 (1974) 183-200 

376  (2/99)  Add: H.J.S. Smith, Collected Math. Papers (J.W.L. Glaiser, ed.), 2 Parts, AMS 
Chelsea Pub., Providence, 1965. 
  (2/99)  Add: [81] M.K. Smith, see Brewer (4/99) 
  (4/99)  Add: Y.K. Song, Maximal commutative subalgebras of matrix rings, Comm. Algebra 
27 (1999) 1649-63 
  (2/00)  Add: [68A] J. Soublin, Anneaux cohérents, C.R.Acad.Sci.  Paris Sér. A-B 267 (1968) A 183-6. [68b]_____, Un anneau cohérent don't l'anneaux  des polynomes n'est pas cohérent, Ibid. A 241-3. 
376  (3/00)  Add: [75] M.E. Sweedler,  When is the tensor product of local algebras local? I, Proc.A.M.S. 48 (1975) 8-10. 
377 / 16 (1/99)  Epimorphisinen / Epimorphismen 
378    Add: [37] O. Taussky, see Jacobson 
378 /-11 (12/99) 

Trilfaj / Trlifaj 

379  (4/00) 

Add: [94] A. del Valle, Goldie dimension  of a sum of modules, Comm. Algebra 22 (1994) 1257-1269.

380  (12/99) 

Vicnair /  Vicknair 

381  (2/00) 

Add: J.J. Watkins, see Brewer 

382 / 2  (1/99)  Lifting / Splitting 
383   Before "[73] T. Wurfel" add: [97] T. Wu and Y.Xu, On the stable range condition  of exchange rings, Comm. Alg. 25 (1997) 2355-63
383 / 17  (3/00)  pp. 277-900 /  pp. 277-300 
383  (4/00)

Add: [97] W. Xue, Quasi-Hamsher modules and quasi-max rings, Math. J.Okayama 39 (1997) 71-79

383   

Add: [98 ] W.Xue, Rings related to quasi-Frobenius rings, Algebra Colloq. 5 (1998), 471-480. 

383 / 20,21 (4/00) 

[98] / [00] ...  Fujian...Iowa City, 1998 / Comm. Algebra 28 (2000)  2633-2638

385/16  (1/99) 

H.Ziegler / M.  Ziegler 

387   

Birkhoff 33,240 / Birkhoff 33,241 

  (4/00) 

To "Camillo" add: 62 

  (2/00) 

Add: Carson 95 

  (12/99) 

Capson / Copson 

  (3/99) 

To "Cailleau", add 63 

  (2/99)  To  "Camillo", add 131
      / -3    To "Cohn", add 129-30, 174 
388  (4/00) 

Add Domokus 62 

  (9/00) 

To "Fontana", add:  128 

  (4/00) 

Evans 158 / Evans 157 

  (3/99) Fuchs 6 / Fuchs 6n Add: Faith-Menal 65 
  (2/99) Gabriel  90 / Gabriel 91
  (4/00)  To Gilmer, add: P Add: Goldie 214 
  (1/99)  Add: Gómez Pardo  90n 
  (2/99)  Goodearl 158 / Goodearl 157 
  (2/99)  Add: Goodearl - Warfield 211 
  (2/99)  Add: Guralnick 131 
  (2/99) 

To Hajarnavis, add 197 

389  (11/99) 

Under "Dung": 189  / 188 

  (11/99) Under "Huynh": 189 / 188 To "Harada" add 218
  (3/99) In "Hinohara":  109 / 108 
  (2/99) To "Huckaba", add 134 
  (2/99)  Add: Saroj Jain 201; and S.K. Jain  132 
  (2/99) 

To "Kaplansky" add 6, replace 122 by 121, and add 157. 

  (2/99)  Add Kawada  132
To "Kitamura" add 104 
  (2/99) Klein 132 / Klein 131 
  (12/99)  To Kleiner add:  15.4Bf.
   (2/99)  To "Koifman", add 69
   (6/00)  Add:  Komarnitskii 66
390  (4/99)  To "Lam", add 157 
  (2/99)  Add: (López)-Permouth  132 
  (2/99) 

To "Matlis', add 64
To "Mueller" add 152 

391 (2/99) Add: Norton 197 
To "O'Neill" add 7-8
To "Osofsky" add 55
To "Perlis" add 252 
  (2/99) 

Add: Renault  69 

  (2/99) 

To "Rizvi", add 132 

  (2/99) 

To "Roitman", add 131 

  (3/99) To "Salce",  add 6n 
  (4/00) To "F.K. Schmidt," add 111 
  (6/00) Add:  Osmanagic 168
  (6/00) To "Ribenboim" add 111

 392 

(2/99) To "Shock" add 84 
  (2/99) 

To  "Small" add 84, and replace 237 by 238

  (11/99) 

Under "Wisbauer" 185 / 188 

  (4/00) 

Add: Valle 62 

  (2/99)  Add: Vitulli 167 
  (2/99)  To "Warfield" add: see Goodearl
  (4/00)  Under "Wisbauer": 189 / 188 
393  (2/99)  To "Yousif", add 132 
  (3/99) To "Zanardo",  add 6n 
  (4/00) To "Zelmanowitz" add 62 
  (1/99) 

Add: Zel'manov 74 

395  (12/99) 

add:  acc[P], 16.9Ds 

396  (12/99)  Add: AMVR, see almost maximal valuation ring 
396   

Above  "Arithmetic ring" add: (E,R), see 3.7A 
Above "Auslander", add: Ass R, Ass*R  , 6.39s, 16.11-12, 16.29A 

  (2/99)  To "Artin, M.", add 15.8 
397 (12/99)  To "balanced"  add: strongly _____, 5.54 
  (9/00)  To "Brandal",  add: 6.19A
  (8/99)  To Bezout domain (ring) add: p.108ff. 
  (9/99) 

To Brewer, add: - Heinzer, 6.39

398   After "characteristic equation", add: characteristic  of a ring, 1.2s 
  (8/99) To "Camillo - Fuller", add 3.33 F,H 
  (4/00)  Add. Carson  --- Theorem 14.21 
399  (2/00) 

To "coherent ring" add 6.6 ff., 6.13, 14.20

  (2/99) 

To "Cohn theorem", add 6.25. 

400 (2/99) 

To "Cozzens-Faith theorem" add 7.7A, 7.12,  and change 2.l6F to 2.6G.

  (12/99) Under "crossed": 2.5Bff / 2.5Dff. 
  (11/99)  Under  CS module: 12.4s / 12.4Cs 
401 / 7  (2/99) inverse of, 13.1a / inverse of __, 13.1s 
401  (3/99)

 Under "division" add: transcendental - ring, 2.6Gs 

  (2/99)  Under "Eilenberg",  add ___Rosenberg-Zelinsky theorem 14.9 402 
  (11/99) 

Add: FA, see finitely annihilated 

  (12/99) Add: f.a.e.c. = the following are equivalent conditions 
  (2/99)  Under "Faith",  make the same changes as above for Cozzens-Faith.
  (2/99) 

Add: FBN, see bounded 

402 / -11    Modulle / module 
403   (2/99) Under "field", add: transcendental _____,1.28f 
  (2/99) 

Under "finite", add: module___, 8.G (p. 154) 

  (12/99)  Add: fir, see free ideal  ring semi ______, 6.31s Under "free" add: _____ ideal ring (= fir) 6.31 
  (11/99)   Add: finitely annihilated (=FA) p. 202 
  (12/99) 

To "Fitting" add: definition, theorem,  2.29As 

  (10/99)  Add: FSI, see fractionally.
Add: FTAG, P,1.6,1.15A
404   Add: Fundamental  Theorem of Abelian Groups, see FTAG. 
  (2/99) 

Gabriel 4.Cf / Gabriel 4.D(1) 

405   To "Gilmer", add: Abhyankar-Heinzer- - theorem, 10.5 
405  (2/99) 

Add: Göbel,  see Dugas 

  (2/99) To "Goldie" add: dual- dimension, 8.C,13.15C
To "Goldie theorem"  add 6.29 
405    To "Griffith - Eisenbud theorem" delete 3.5Af and add 5.3A,B 
To Griffith"  add: theorem 3.5Af
In "Harada" delete: 13.9D
Add: Herbera-Faith Theorem 13.10
  (12/99) 

Herbera-Pillay Theorems 3.6B-G

406 / 1   

12.40 / 12.4D 

406 /  (12/99)  Add:  IBN, see invariant basis number 
406 / 3  (2/99) 

theorem, 1.26 / theorem, 1.26-7 

        / -19    To "(=prindec)" add: p. 86 
        / -14    nilpotent- / nilpotent-, 3.80 
407  (4/00) 

Under "involution" add 3.13s 

407  (2/99) 

Add: Ishii, see Harada
To "Jategoankar"  add: see Formanek 

408  (4/00) To "Johnson" add: -- Mal'cev domain, 6.27f 
Under Jøndrup: 7., 7.3s / 7.3A
408  (12/99)  To "Kaplansky - Levitzki": 15.4 - should be 15.11 
   (2/99) 

To "Kaplansky theorem,"  add: 6.3A, 14.34

  (2/99) 

Add: Kertész theorem, 1.27 To "Kitamura theorem" add:  4.32 

  (2/99) 

To "Klein", add 6.35 

  (2/99) 

Add: Koifman theorem, 3.21s, 3.32ff 

409  (12/99)

 Add: Lasker ring, 2.29f 

409  (12/99) To "Levitzki" add: ___ Kaplansky Theorem,  15.11 
409  (2/99) 

To "Lie algebra", add: 14.47 

  (2/99)

 To "linear", add: full___  ring, 4.6 

410/-3 (3/00)  3.33 as / 3.33 As, 3.33 F-H 
410  (2/99)  Add: López-Permouth,  see Al Huzali; also Huynh; also Jain 
  (12/99) 

MacLane / Mac Lane To "Megibben theorem":  3.7C instead of 3.7 

411  (2/99)  Under "module", add: finite, 8.G 
  (4/00) 

Add: Mori  domain 9.4s 

412 / 2  (2/99)  To locally___, 7.23, add: 9.1s (Note locally Noetherian  is used in two different senses: in 9.1s it means that every local ring is Noetherian.) 
412 /-3,-4  (11/99) 

Under "nilpotent" add: transfinitely -, 3.34A, 13.7, 13.7s 

  (9/00)

Add:  Olberding theorem, 6.19A

413   To "Ornstein" add 2.19B 
  (2/99) 

Add: PI = (polynomial identity) central -,  15.6, Chap. 15 Notes see polynomial 

  (1/00)  Under Pillay Theorem: 3.6a-E / 3.6A-E 
  (12/99)  Add: PP(= pp) ring, 7.3As 
To "prime associated" add: 3.16Cs, 6.39s 
To  "prime minimal ideal" add: 2.37G, 14.34s, 16.25f (Remark) 
414 / 3,4  (2/99)  Add:  Spectrum = Spec, 14.1s 
  (2/99)  Add: Procesi theorem, 4.14s, 15.8 
  (2/99) 

Add: Q(R)  = classical quotient ring of commutative R. 

415 (9/99) Under "regular' add: semi-ideal,  9.28s 
415 / -7    "rank of a ring" : 3.56 instead of 3.56s 
415    Reis-Viswanathan:  delete: 16.As, 
  (2/99) Add: Renault theorem, 3.32 ff (p.69) 
  (9/99)  Under "Resco,"  add: theorem; 2.6H(2) 
  (2/99)  Add: RD (= relatively divisible), see "pure" 
  (3/99)

Under "refinement", add: isomorphic --, 8.3f (p. 155) 

416 / 8  (2/99) 

Camillo -,  3.33',5.20 / Camillo -, 3.4As (p.54) 

        /9  (2/99) Osofsky -, 3.33' / Osofsky -, 3.4As  (p.54) 
        / 10 (3/99)  chain --, 3.14As / chain --, 3.14As, 5.52s (p. 119) 
416    Add:  duo-,5.45 (2/99) Add: FBN ____, 3.36Es, 15.17s 
  (2/99) 

Add: Lasker -, 2.29s 

  (2/99)

  Add: linear ___,4.6 

  (11/99)  Add: star ring 6.60s
  (1/99)  Under  "Roggenkamp" add: "-- Scott theorem 11.11f." 
  (1/99)  Under "Roitman", delete "--  Scott theorem 11.10 ss" 
  (2/99)  Under "Rosenberg", add: see Eilenberg 
417 (10/99)  Add: star ring, p. 137 -ring 6.60s
418 / 3   3.33as  / 3.33As 
419/-7  8/99)  see Amitsur, Goldie/ see Amitsur, Goldie, Herstein 
419 (2/00) Add: Soublin - theorem and example 14.20s 
419  (2/99)  Add: Spec (= Spectrum)  Spec R, the set of all prime ideals of R Prime ---, 14.1s mspecR, the set of all  maximal ideals of R (= max spec R)
420 (2/99) Add: Tominaga theorem, 1.27 
421 / -9   Under "Warfield theorem": 6.5a / 6.5A
        /-16  (3/99)  __ - ring, 3.15as, 5.1A'f  / __ - ring, 3.15As, 5.A'f, 5.52s
421  (3/99) Under "valuation", add:  generalized discrete ___, 9.35f
  (2/99) 

Add: VD = valuation domain 
VR  = valuation ring 

422    Zacharias, [88] / Zacharias, 4.22 
  (2/99)  Under "Zelinsky",  add: see Eilenberg 
  (4/99) 

Under "Zanardo", add: see Salce